The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.